The Dual Vocational Model
Germany’s vocational education system closely integrates workplace training and vocational schooling.
The dual model combines practical training in a company with theoretical education in a vocational school. Training normally concludes with a final examination under the relevant occupation’s regulations.
The German Approach
Company Training
Learners gain practical experience within a company.
Vocational School
Theoretical and technical knowledge is developed through vocational education.
Occupational Standards
Training is structured around defined occupations.
Examination
Professional training normally concludes with a formal examination under the applicable occupational arrangements.
Patisserie & Bakery
Professional food occupations demonstrate how practical production, workplace training and structured examination can be combined.
IBPED studies Germany as an important example of occupationally structured professional education. Examination content and methods are occupation-specific; this overview does not imply one identical examination across every occupation or centre.
What the World Can Learn
IBPED’s comparative learning themes:
- Apprenticeship
- Employer participation
- Occupational standards
- Practical learning
- Structured examinations
Official System References
BIBB explains the dual training system and the examination and certification arrangements used in vocational education.
BIBB — The dual systemBIBB — Examination and certification